Water scarcity is a growing threat. Up to 700 million people could be at risk of displacement because of drought by 2030. The risks to industry are valued at US$301 billion. And over 80% of the world’s wastewater is still released into the environment without treatment.

Water is also a service: it is used to store or produce energy, as a carrier of biogenic raw materials that provides basic services for ecosystems and human activities.

Biological system works on bacterial activity which has limitations of atmospheric temperature, retention time, maximum load, minimum flow etc. It can not decompose micro plastics and generates more sludge. The process is not instantaneous and requires minimum bacterial count to work. Physical or chemical treatment works on the contaminant load present in the waste water. The system can handle wide variation in parameters. It can destroy pathogens, micro plastics. With proper combination of technologies, a true zero liquid discharge water treatment plant can be designed with maximum water recovery of 98% with potable standard.